Section 82. Words and Phrases Defined. — As used in this Code:
"Timber or Forest Land" refers to that portion of the public domain, characterized by a predominant growth of trees or wood species, including nipa, mangrove and other swamps, which has been delimited, classified and declared as such; the phrase includes all lands of the public domain not otherwise classified as agricultural or alienable, industrial or commercial, residential, resettlement, mineral or grazing land.
"Public Forest" synonymous to "timber or forest land."
"Permanent Forest" or "Forest Reserve" refers to forest or timber land so delimited, classified and proclaimed for forest uses, the boundaries of which cannot be modified nor altered except to conform with subsequent precise surveys but not to exclude any portion thereof, and upon approval of the President.
"National Park" refers to any portion of the public domain, essentially of primitive or wilderness character which, by Presidential proclamation, has been withdrawn from settlement or occupancy and set aside as such exclusively to preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects and the wild animals or plants therein, and to provide enjoyment of these features in such a manner as will leave them unimpaired for future generations.
"Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary" refers to an area designated for the protection of game animals, birds and fish which is closed to hunting and fishing in order that the excess population may flow out and restock surrounding areas and all disturbances are limited particularly to those of man-made origin.
"Reforestation Project" refers to any portion of the public domain which is essentially openland needing reforestation or afforestation and declared as such by the Department Head.
"Marine Park" refers to any off-shore area inhabited by rare and unique species of marine flora and fauna.
"Grazing Land" refers to that portion of the public domain characterized by a predominant growth of grass species suitable for domestic and wild-animal feeds.
"Range Land" is synonymous to "grazing land".
"Alienable or Disposable Land" is that portion of the public domain certified by the Director as not needed for forestry purposes and not required by public interest to be retained under forest cover and declared as such by the Department Head.
"Working Unit" refers to the primary unit of forest management, with well-defined boundaries usually based on topography, sufficient to support the predetermined wood requirement of dependent industries or communities on a sustained-yield basis.
"Forest Product" means timber, pulpwood, firewood, bark, tree top, resin, gum, wood oil, beeswax, nipa, rattan, or other forest growth such as grass, shrub, and flowering plant, the associated water, fish, game scenic, historical, recreational and geologic resources in public forest, national park, game refuge and bird sanctuary and other such areas.
"Multiple-Use" means the protection, development and management of all the resource values of the public forest in the combination that best contributes to the long term socio-economic development. Use of some of the land and its resources for such single or limited uses as national parks, forest recreation areas or protected watersheds is an accepted part of multiple-use but only when such uses or services cannot be provided in combination with other uses.
"Sustained-Yield" implies continuous or periodic production of its product with the aim of achieving at the earliest practicable time an approximate balance between growth and harvest or use. This is generally applied to the commercial timber resources and is equally applicable to the water, grass, wildlife, and other renewable resources of the forest.
"Timber" when used for purposes of collecting forest charges or fees, refers to any piece of wood having an average diameter of at least 15 centimeters and at least 1.5 meters long.
"License, Lease or Permit" refers to a written authority granted by the Director or Department Head to any qualified person or entity for the cutting, removal and utilization of forest products or for the occupancy and use of a particular portion of the public forest. The term "license" or "lease" is synonymous to "license agreement" or "lease agreement."
"Management Plan" refers to the written guideline for the proper and systematic conservation, utilization, management and development of timber and other forest resources of a specific forest area.
"Ecosystem" means the ecological community considered together with non-living factors and its environment as a unit.
"Forest Officer" means any official or employee of the Bureau who, by the nature of his appointment or the functions of the position to which he is appointed, is delegated by law or by competent authority to execute, implement or enforce the provisions of this Code, other related laws as well as their implementing regulations.
"Processing Plant" as used in this Code is any mechanical set-up, machine or combination of machines used for the processing of logs and other forest raw materials into lumber, veneer, plywood, wallboard, blackboard, paper board, paper or similar finished products. The term "processing plant" includes circular sawmill, band sawmill, pulp and paper mill, veneer plant, plywood plant, wallboard plant and blackboard plant.
"Private Right" as used in this Code, shall mean or refer to rights of ownership under existing laws and in the case of primitive tribes, to rights of possession existing at the time a license is granted under this Code, which possession may include places of abode and worship, burial grounds, and old clearings, but excludes production forest inclusive of logged over areas, commercial forests and established plantations of forest trees and trees of economic value.
"Primitive Tribe" is a group of endemic tribesmen living primitively as a distinct portion of a people from a common ancestor.
"Mainroad" means that principal haul road between the nearest national or provincial road and/or the log pond or manufacturing plant of the licensee and the most distant points or points of the license area or a point of connection with the main road of an adjacent licensee as may be prescribed by the Director.